The neutral theory predicts a constant rate of substitutions per generation; however, molecular clock estimates show that substitutions accumulate annually regardless of the generation time. What explanation for this discrepancy is illustrated in the figure? 
Definitions:
Outcast
An individual who is rejected or cast out by society or a social group, often leading to isolation.
Controversial
Subject to disagreement, debate, or differing opinions due to differing viewpoints or the complexity of the topic.
Neglected
A condition or situation where appropriate care, attention, or consideration has not been provided.
Fertility Rate
The average number of children born to a woman over her lifetime within a specific population.
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