If the two sister species on the phylogenetic tree shown differ from the other two species in a single character state (e.g., dark or light fur) , how many character state changes (evolutionary events) are needed to explain this pattern? 
Definitions:
SSE
The sum of squared errors between observed and predicted values in regression analysis, indicating the discrepancy between data points and the regression line.
Standard Error
A statistic that measures the spread of data points in a sample and indicates how accurately the sample represents the entire population.
Sum Of Squares
A statistical measure that quantifies the total variance within a data set by summing the squared differences from the mean.
Degrees of Freedom
The number of autonomous values or metrics assignable to a statistical distribution.
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