The Figure Shown Is a Phylogeny Created with DNA Sequence

question 14

Multiple Choice

The figure shown is a phylogeny created with DNA sequence data and has high bootstrap support values. The tree also includes observed phenotypes (in varying shades of gray) for the five taxa. The character states are indicated by "B" or "b," "G" or "g," and "P" or "p." Evaluate the hypothetical phylogenetic tree using a parsimony approach. How many state changes were required for Taxon 5 ("BGP") if the inferred ancestral state was "bGP"?

• A) one
• B) two
• C) three
• D) four

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Definitions:

Economies of Scale

The cost advantages that enterprises obtain due to their scale of operation, with cost per unit of output decreasing with increasing scale.

Essential Raw Materials

Fundamental inputs necessary for the production of goods, often considered critical for a country's economy and security.

Patents

Legal rights granted by the government to inventors, giving them exclusive rights to their inventions for a certain period of time.

Inelastic Segment

A portion of the demand curve where consumers are relatively unresponsive to price changes, resulting in a steep slope.