One of the Principle Ways to Understand the Large-Scale Effects

question 42

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One of the principle ways to understand the large-scale effects of natural selection is to compare traits across groups of species. However, there are many ways researchers can be misled by applying the comparative method without properly accounting for phylogeny-shared evolutionary history. Using the five-species tree shown, list and describe or label all possible independent contrasts.

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Definitions:

Jaundice

A medical condition characterized by yellowing of the skin and the whites of the eyes, caused by elevated levels of bilirubin in the blood.

Melanocytes

Cells located in the bottom layer of the skin's epidermis and in the middle layer of the eye, responsible for producing melanin, the pigment that colors the skin, hair, and eyes.

Melanin

A pigment found in most organisms, responsible for the color of skin, hair, and eyes, providing protection against UV radiation.

Decreased Blood Flow

Decreased blood flow refers to reduced circulation of blood in the body, which can lead to various health issues due to insufficient oxygen and nutrient supply to tissues.