The Figure Shown Is a Phylogeny Created with DNA Sequence

question 35

Multiple Choice

The figure shown is a phylogeny created with DNA sequence data and has high bootstrap support values. The tree also includes observed phenotypes (in varying shades of gray) for the five taxa. The character states are indicated by "B" or "b," "G" or "g," and "P" or "p." Evaluate the hypothetical phylogenetic tree using a parsimony approach. What is the minimum total number of state changes necessary to describe the observed distribution of characters in the taxa?

• A) four
• B) five
• C) six
• D) seven

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Definitions:

Biological Factors

Elements that impact living organisms and their processes, including genetic inheritance, neurochemistry, and physical health, influencing behavior, cognition, and emotions.

Self-instruction Training

A cognitive behavioral technique that involves teaching individuals to guide their own actions through directed self-talk.

Hypnosis

A trance-like state of focused attention and increased suggestibility, often used therapeutically to modify behaviors and alleviate symptoms.

Relaxation Training

Techniques aimed at reducing stress and tension, including exercises like deep breathing, meditation, or progressive muscle relaxation.