The figure shown is a phylogeny created with DNA sequence data and has high bootstrap support values. The tree also includes observed phenotypes (in varying shades of gray) for the five taxa. The character states are indicated by "B" or "b," "G" or "g," and "P" or "p." Evaluate the hypothetical phylogenetic tree using a parsimony approach. How many state changes were required for Taxon 5 ("BGP") if the inferred ancestral state was "bGP"? 
Definitions:
Specified Stages
Distinct phases or steps in a process or development that are clearly defined or identified.
Discontinuities
Breaks, interruptions, or abrupt changes in a sequence, process, or continuum.
Toilet Training
Toilet training is the process of teaching a young child to control their bladder and bowel movements and use the bathroom for elimination.
Autonomy
The capacity and right of individuals to make their own choices and govern themselves, often discussed in ethical, political, and psychological contexts.
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