By Mapping a Given Trait on a Phylogenetic Tree That

question 42

Multiple Choice

By mapping a given trait on a phylogenetic tree that we have already constructed using other data, we can

• A) generate hypotheses about when and how this trait evolved.
• B) create a pedigree for the trait.
• C) test for polytomies in this trait.
• D) confirm the presence or absence of this trait in species for which we are lacking observational data.

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Definitions:

Adjustment Bias

A cognitive bias influencing how individuals respond or adapt to new or changing information, often hindering accurate decision-making.

Lack-of-participation Error

Lack-of-participation error occurs when decision-making or evaluation processes are hindered due to the absence or minimal involvement of key individuals.

Confirmation Error

A cognitive bias where individuals give more weight to evidence that confirms their existing beliefs, disregarding evidence that contradicts them.

Availability Bias

The cognitive bias that causes people to overestimate the likelihood of events based on their recallability or prominence in memory.