The Exquisite Complexity of Traits Such as the Vertebrate Eye

question 5

Multiple Choice

The exquisite complexity of traits such as the vertebrate eye seems to pose a problem for evolution by natural selection. How do evolutionary biologists think that complex eyes evolved?

• A) Complex eyes arose multiple times independently by a single mutation.
• B) Intermediate forms of eyes were functional and selected for in the past but were selected for a function other than vision.
• C) Eyes evolved in gradual steps, each of which was fully functional and adaptive in improving visual acuity.
• D) Precursors to complex eyes were not adaptive and therefore were not subject to evolution by natural selection.

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Definitions:

Authorization

A process that determines which actions, rights, or privileges the person has, based on verified identity.

Authorization

The process of giving someone permission to do or have something, often related to access in security systems or financial transactions.

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Whitelisting is the practice of explicitly allowing some identified entities access to a particular privilege, service, mobility, access, or recognition. It is used in computing to ensure only approved software or email senders can execute or be received.

Multi-factor Authentication

A security measure that requires two or more proofs of identity from independent categories to grant access to a system or data.