The Exquisite Complexity of Traits Such as the Vertebrate Eye

question 5

Multiple Choice

The exquisite complexity of traits such as the vertebrate eye seems to pose a problem for evolution by natural selection. How do evolutionary biologists think that complex eyes evolved?

• A) Complex eyes arose multiple times independently by a single mutation.
• B) Intermediate forms of eyes were functional and selected for in the past but were selected for a function other than vision.
• C) Eyes evolved in gradual steps, each of which was fully functional and adaptive in improving visual acuity.
• D) Precursors to complex eyes were not adaptive and therefore were not subject to evolution by natural selection.

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Definitions:

FIFRA

The Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act, which regulates the distribution, sale, and use of pesticides in the United States to protect public health and the environment.

Marine Protection, Research, and Sanctuaries Act

A U.S. law aimed at preventing ocean dumping to protect marine environments, also known as the Ocean Dumping Act.

Disposal Into Oceans

The act of discharging or dumping waste materials into the sea, often regulated to prevent environmental harm.

Superfund

A U.S. federal government program designed to fund the cleanup of sites contaminated with hazardous substances.