Aristotle's Scala Naturae Was a Linear Classification System That Influenced

question 7

Multiple Choice

Aristotle's scala naturae was a linear classification system that influenced Western thinkers for thousands of years (some would argue it still does) . In this classification system, each species occupied a link in a chain that became increasingly complex. Scala naturae did not recognize the shared degrees of complexity among organisms or the ability of species and taxa to change. Which of the following is an example demonstrating that organisms have shared degrees of complexity?

• A) A population of fish become separated by a new dam structure; after 20 years the fish living in the shallower, warmer water at the base of the dam can no longer mate with the fish living in the deeper, colder water behind the dam.
• B) A virus infects a population of black-footed ferrets and kills 60% of the animals. The remaining 20% are immune to the disease; the offspring of this group are 90% immune to the virus.
• C) Due to earlier spring warming resulting from climate change, temperate woodland wildflowers bloom an average of nine days earlier.
• D) Nostoc (a cyanobacterium) and Helianthus (sunflowers, a vascular plant) have chloroplasts and conduct photosynthesis.

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Definitions:

Psychosexual Stages

Freud's theory of five developmental stages (oral, anal, phallic, latency, and genital) that children pass through, each characterized by sexual pleasure in parts of the body.

Last Stage

This can refer to the final phase in a process or sequence, such as the last stage of a life cycle, or the concluding part of a theatrical production.

Genital Stage

The final stage in Freud’s psychosexual stages; from puberty on, sexual urges are allowed back into consciousness and the individual moves toward adult social and sexual behavior.

Freudian Stages

A series of developmental stages that Sigmund Freud theorized children go through, each associated with a different area of pleasure.