Thomas Malthus, a Political Economist, Showed That the Human Population

question 27

Multiple Choice

Thomas Malthus, a political economist, showed that the human population would outstrip available resources unless kept in check by other factors such as famine, war, and disease. How did Charles Darwin apply this principle to his theory of evolution by natural selection?

• A) Darwin used this as a contrast to plant and animal populations, which live in balance with their available resources.
• B) Darwin used this to illustrate that because food supply remains relatively the same, plant and animal populations show little variation in size.
• C) Darwin realized this also applied to plant and animal populations, and this struggle for existence was the opportunity for natural selection to act on differences within populations.
• D) Darwin used this to illustrate that as food supplies increase, populations increase.

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Definitions:

Encoding Specificity Principle

The principle that suggests the effectiveness of memory retrieval is directly related to the similarity of the cues present during encoding and retrieval.

Retrieval Cue Process

A process in cognitive psychology where stimuli or signals help individuals recall memories, information, or experiences from their memory storage.

Memory Code

The format in which information is stored in the memory, including visual, acoustic, and semantic codes.

Reconstructive Memory Principle

The concept that memories are not played back exactly as they happened, but are reconstructed, or pieced together, from various sources.