What Was the Primary Difference in How Jean-Baptiste Lamarck and Charles

question 23

Multiple Choice

What was the primary difference in how Jean-Baptiste Lamarck and Charles Darwin explained the evolution of new species and the relationship among species?

• A) Lamarck viewed all species as interrelated due to common ancestry and believed that species sharing a more recent common ancestor more closely resemble each other; Darwin viewed relationships among species as linear chains, with groups independent of the other.
• B) Lamarck viewed lineages of species as not arising independently, but with each group related to the other; Darwin viewed all species as interrelated due to common ancestry and believed that species sharing a more recent common ancestor more closely resemble each other.
• C) Lamarck viewed relationships among species as linear chains, with each group independent of the other; Darwin viewed all species as interrelated due to common ancestry and believed that species sharing a more recent common ancestor more closely resemble each other.
• D) Lamarck and Darwin both viewed all species as having common ancestry, but Lamarck viewed each group as evolving independently while Darwin viewed groups as interrelated and having evolved from a single common ancestor.

Identify and explain the various research methodologies used in psychology and their appropriate applications.

Describe the process of developing and testing hypotheses in psychological research.

Define and differentiate between key concepts in research methodology, such as validity, reliability, and operational definitions.

Recognize the importance of the Institutional Review Board (IRB) in overseeing research ethics.

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Definitions:

Observational Learning

The acquisition or modification of a behavior after exposure to at least one performance of that behavior.

Operant Conditioning

A training technique that adjusts the potency of a conduct via positive reinforcement or disciplinary measures.

Classical Conditioning

A type of learned response in which a neutral object comes to elicit a response when it is associated with a stimulus that already produces a response.

Long-term Potentiation

A long-lasting enhancement in signal transmission between two neurons that results from their synchronous stimulation.