Which of the Following Studies Is Best for Showing That

question 47

Multiple Choice

Which of the following studies is best for showing that the first variable causes changes in the second variable?

• A)A researcher asks people who are entering the grocery store how hungry they are and then asks them how much they spent on food as they leave the store.
• B)A researcher assigns participants to sleep various amounts of hours and then observes how cranky they are.
• C)A researcher asks participants how well they like to think and how many books they have read in the last 6 months.
• D)A researcher asks participants how many hours per week they listened to Beethoven while growing up and then gives them a math ability test.

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Definitions:

Herbert Spencer

A 19th-century English philosopher, biologist, anthropologist, sociologist, and prominent classical liberal political theorist known for his theory of social evolution.

Survival of the Fittest

A concept from evolutionary theory suggesting that only those organisms best adapted to their environment will survive and reproduce.

Karl Marx

A 19th-century philosopher, economist, and political theorist best known for his works on communism and critique of capitalism, co-authoring the "Communist Manifesto".

Émile Durkheim

A French sociologist best known for his foundational contributions to the field of sociology, including his theories on social cohesion, collective consciousness, and the social basis of religion.