The Phi Coefficient,,is Used as a Measure of Strength

question 7

Multiple Choice

The phi coefficient,,is used as a measure of strength of association for a

• A)Mann-Whitney U.
• B)Kruskal-Wallis H.
• C)one-way .
• D)2  2 .

Recognize the factors determining the technological progressiveness of an industry, including industry concentration and the availability of technological opportunities.

Understand the relationship between marginal cost and R&D expenditures in firms.

Comprehend the role of government in financing basic scientific research and its implications on public goods and externalities.

Identify the optimal level of R&D expenditure for firms based on marginal cost and benefit analysis.