The estimation formula for the related samples t is 
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Definitions:
Dessert
A sweet course typically served at the end of a meal.
Opportunity Cost
The cost of choosing one option over another, representing the value of the foregone alternative that wasn't chosen.
Variable Cost
Costs that vary directly with the level of production or service delivery, such as materials and labor costs.
Tapioca Pudding
A sweet dessert made from tapioca pearls, milk or cream, sugar, and often flavored with vanilla, coconut, or other ingredients.
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