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If a tax-exempt organization is found by the IRS to have paid unreasonable benefits, the individual must pay a tax penalty of 25% of the excess benefit and the individuals who approved the benefits must pay a 10% penalty.
Correlation Coefficient
A statistical measure ranging from -1 to 1 that indicates the strength and direction of a linear relationship between two variables.
Covariance
A measure that demonstrates how two random variables move together, indicating the direction of their linear relationship.
Standard Deviation
A statistic that measures the dispersion or variability of a dataset relative to its mean, commonly used to quantify the risk associated with a security or investment portfolio.
Probability Distribution
A function providing a comprehensive list of values and corresponding probabilities for a random variable within a certain limit.
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