The Punctuated Equilibrium Model of Evolution Suggests That New Species

question 3

Multiple Choice

The punctuated equilibrium model of evolution suggests that new species appear

• A) gradually; as groups become isolated, they slowly evolve through their own individual pathways.
• B) only after older species disappear from the fossil record.
• C) suddenly after long periods of time with little to no change.
• D) gradually after long periods of time with little to no change; as groups become isolated, they slowly evolve through their own individual pathways.
• E) gradually over very short periods of time so that intermediate species are often observed in the fossil record. In the punctuated model of evolution, a species remains fairly stable for long periods of time, which are suddenly punctuated by rapid spurts of evolution where new species appear. This suggests that intermediate, or transitional, species are rare, and are thus seldom found in the fossil record.

Comprehend the concept of enzyme-substrate specificity and the characteristics of chemical reactions facilitated by enzymes.

Identify the factors affecting enzyme activity including pH, temperature, and presence of inhibitors or activators.

Recognize the sources and types of enzymes involved in the human digestive system.

Distinguish between the effects of temperature on enzyme structure and function, including denaturation and the concept of optimum temperature.

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Definitions:

Marginal Products

The additional output resulting from the use of one more unit of a variable input while holding other inputs constant.

Separating Equilibrium

A condition in game theory or economics where different types of participants are sorted into different equilibria based on their characteristics or type.

Pooling Equilibrium

A situation in game theory where different types with different characteristics choose the same strategy, making it impossible to distinguish between them based on their actions.

Microeconomics

The branch of economics that studies the behavior of individuals and firms in making decisions regarding the allocation of scarce resources and the interactions among these individuals and firms.