City Planners Are Evaluating Three Proposed Alternatives for Relieving the Growing

question 81

Essay

City planners are evaluating three proposed alternatives for relieving the growing traffic congestion on a north-south highway in a booming city. The proposed alternatives are: (1) designate high-occupancy vehicle (HOV) lanes on the existing highway, (2) construct a new, parallel highway, and (3) construct a light (passenger) rail system.
In an analysis of the three proposals, a citizen group has raised the question of whether preferences for the three alternatives differ among residents near the highway and non-residents. A test of independence will address this question, with the hypotheses being:
H₀: Proposal preference is independent of the residency status of the individual
H_a: Proposal preference is not independent of the residency status of the individual
A simple random sample of 500 individuals has been selected. The crosstabulation of the residency statuses and proposal preferences of the individuals sampled is shown below.
Conduct a test of independence using  = .05 to address the question of whether residency status is independent of the proposal preference.

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Definitions:

Heterosexuals

Individuals who are sexually attracted to people of the opposite sex.

Homosexuals

Pertains to individuals who are attracted to members of their own sex, either emotionally, sexually, or both.

Deviance

Actions or behaviors that violate societal norms and expectations, often leading to negative sanctions.

Condemning

Expressing complete disapproval of something, often in a public or formal manner.