For Vina,cigarettes Reduce Feelings of Tension and Anxiety

question 7

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For Vina,cigarettes reduce feelings of tension and anxiety.Because of her heavy smoking,however,she has a bad morning cough and breathing difficulties.How can the principles of operant conditioning help to explain the development and continuation of Vina's self-defeating smoking habit? Explain the extent to which the reinforcement for Vina's habit is positive or negative,primary or conditioned,immediate or delayed,partial or continuous.

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Definitions:

Cultural Instruments

Tools or devices developed within specific cultural contexts used to produce music, art, or perform tasks that reflect the cultural heritage.

Collective

A group that shares or is motivated by at least one common issue or interest, or that works together to achieve a common objective.

Systemic

Pertaining to or affecting the entire body or an entire system, often used in the context of systemic issues like racism or inequality that pervade all levels of society.

Dominant Structures

Refers to the overarching systems and institutions in society that hold the most power and influence over societal norms, values, and policies.