The Hopelessness and Resignation Learned When a Human or Animal

question 12

Multiple Choice

The hopelessness and resignation learned when a human or animal perceives no control over repeated negative events is called

• A)depression.
• B)low self-esteem.
• C)learned hopelessness.
• D)learned helplessness.

Calculate the required rate of return for investments using the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM).

Integrate the concepts of beta, risk-return relationship, and security market line (SML) in making investment decisions.

Recognize the implications of behavioral finance on investment strategies and market outcomes.

Understand the concept and interpretation of beta in the context of the market and individual securities.

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Definitions:

Incentive

A motivating factor or reward that encourages a person to perform an action or exhibit a behavior.

Motivational Processes

The underlying influences, dynamics, or mechanisms that direct an individual's behavior towards achieving certain goals or fulfilling needs.

Observational Learning

A learning process through which behaviors are acquired by watching and imitating others.

Extinction Processes

The gradual reduction and eventual disappearance of a conditioned response after the conditioned stimulus is no longer paired with the unconditioned stimulus.