Variable X Is Correlated with Variable Y

question 21

Multiple Choice

Variable X is correlated with Variable Y. Which of the following could explain this correlation?

• A) X causes Y.
• B) Y causes X.
• C) A third variable causes or influences both X and Y.
• D) All of these are possible explanations.

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Definitions:

Collecting Duct

The collecting duct is a tubular segment of the nephron in the kidney that processes urine through the reabsorption of water and solutes, playing a critical role in the regulation of body water and electrolyte balance.

Ketones

Organic compounds characterized by a carbonyl group attached to two carbon atoms, produced by the liver during the breakdown of fats for energy.

Diabetes Mellitus

A chronic condition characterized by high blood sugar levels due to the body's inability to produce enough insulin or effectively use it.

Starvation

A severe deficiency in caloric energy intake, below the level needed to maintain an organism's life.