An Electric Utility Operates in a State with Right-To-Work Laws

question 52

Multiple Choice

An electric utility operates in a state with right-to-work laws.About three-quarters of its line workers have elected to join the union that represents them.Joel,one of the line workers,believes that his supervisor is unfairly passing him over when selecting employees to earn extra pay by working overtime.Joel wants to file a grievance according to the process in the labor agreement,but he is not a member of the union.What must the union do in this situation?

• A) It must let Joel join the union so he can have representation in the process.
• B) It must allow Joel to use the process it negotiated,but it need not send representatives.
• C) It has no obligations in this process,because Joel chose not to be represented.
• D) It must give Joel representation equal to what a union member would receive.
• E) It must give Joel a copy of the labor agreement,but it need not be involved in the process.

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Definitions:

Omission Bias

The tendency to take whatever course of action does not require you to do anything (also called the default option).

Status Quo Bias

A cognitive bias favoring the existing state of affairs or the current baseline (the "status quo"), often leading to resistance against change.

Risk Aversion

A behavioral trait or tendency to avoid taking risks, preferring options that are perceived as safer or have more predictable outcomes.

Error Management Theory

A theory that suggests humans have evolved biases in judgment and decision-making processes to minimize the cost of errors in uncertain situations, favoring the less costly error.