Tooth Enamel Is Composed of the Mineral Hydroxyapatite

question 59

Multiple Choice

Tooth enamel is composed of the mineral hydroxyapatite. It is essentially insoluble in water with K_sp = 2.3  10^-59, but it reacts with weak acids in the mouth as described by one of the reaction equations below. You can determine the equilibrium constant, K, for this reaction from K_sp and K_w (the equilibrium constant for water autoionization, K_w = 1.0  10^-14) . What is its value? Ca₅ (PO₄) ₃(OH) (s)  Ca₅ (PO₄) ₃⁺(aq) + OH^-(aq)
Ca₅ (PO₄) ₃(OH) (s) + H⁺(aq)  Ca₅ (PO₄) ₃⁺(aq) + H₂O( )

• A) 2.3  10^-73
• B) 4.3  10⁴⁵
• C) 2.3  10^-45
• D) 1.1  10^-14
• E) 9.9  10^-15

Explain the process and impact of check clearing in the banking system.

Describe the impact of Federal Reserve actions on commercial banks' reserves and the overall money supply.

Recognize the historical development of the Federal Reserve and its significance in the US banking system.

Understand the composition and function of the Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) and the Board of Governors.

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Definitions:

Civil Service Reform Act

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Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC)

A former independent agency of the U.S. government, established to regulate the railroad industry and later expanded to oversee other modes of transportation.