Choose the INCORRECT Statement About the Inert-Pair Effect

question 92

Multiple Choice

Choose the INCORRECT statement about the inert-pair effect.

• A) It explains why gallium tends to have the +3 oxidation state but thallium is most often in the +1 state.
• B) It can be explained that the bond energies and lattice energies associated with the atoms and ions at the bottom of the groups are not sufficiently large to off-set the ionization energies of the ns2 electron.
• C) The effect is manifested by ions not losing the outermost pair of electrons.
• D) Of the group 14 (4A) metals, only tin exhibits the inert-pair effect.
• E) For any group, the inert pair effect is more prominent as the period number increases.

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Definitions:

Level of Significance

The threshold chosen by the researcher which determines the probability at which the null hypothesis will be rejected, often denoted by alpha (α).

Operating Characteristic

A function or curve that describes the discriminating ability of a test across various conditions or thresholds.

Sample Size

The number of individuals, observations, or data points collected or selected from a population for the purpose of analysis.

Type II Error

Occurs when a statistical test fails to reject a false null hypothesis, meaning it wrongly indicates there is no effect when one exists.