Use the Following to Answer Questions

question 59

Multiple Choice

Use the following to answer questions
Scenario III
Scenario III is based on fabricated data inspired by the following study:
Spencer, S. J., Steele, C. M. & Quinn, D. M. (1999) . Stereotype threat and women's math performance. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 35, 4-28.
Effect of Stereotype Threat on Math Study
The myth that men outperform women in math is widely believed by many individuals. The purpose of the study described in Scenario III was to determine if a sample of women whose math abilities equaled a sample of men would fall victim to this threat. To that end, 28 adult men and 28 adult women were administered an easy math test or a difficult math test. The performance of men and women on both the easy and hard test was quantified. A two-factor ANOVA revealed a significant main effect for test, with participants scoring significantly better on the easy test. The analyses also revealed a main effect for sex, with men performing significantly better than women. The interaction between test difficulty and sex was also statistically significant. Further inspection of the data revealed that although men and women did not differ on the easy math test, women performed significantly less well than men on the difficult math test. Given that the screening criteria for participants including earning a grade of B or better in college calculus, and scoring in at least the 85^th percentile on the math subsection of the ACT, the current study indicates that women do succumb to math stereotype threat but only when the math challenge is great. The data are presented in Figure 2.
Figure 2. Although women and men performed equally on an easy version of the math test, women performed significantly worse than men on the difficult version.
-(Scenario III) The study described in Scenario III used a factorial design to examine the effect of sex and test difficulty on math performance. Which of the following is NOT true of factorial designs?

• A) It requires more participants and takes a greater amount of time to conduct.
• B) It tests three hypotheses simultaneously.
• C) It can identify a synergistic effect of the independent variables.
• D) It can identify a suppression effect of the independent variables.

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Definitions:

Hypnotized

Being hypnotized refers to a trance-like state of focused attention and heightened suggestibility, usually induced by a hypnotist.

Suggestibility

A measure of how susceptible a person is to influence by suggestions, often used in psychological contexts to explore how people can be influenced by others' ideas or misremember events.

Hypnotist

A person skilled in hypnosis, the practice of inducing a state of heightened focus, reduced peripheral awareness, and increased suggestibility.

Transcendental Meditation

A technique for detaching oneself from anxiety and promoting harmony and self-realization by meditation, repetition of a mantra, and other yogic practices.