Use the Following to Answer Questions

question 108

Multiple Choice

Use the following to answer questions
Scenario III
Scenario III is based on fabricated data inspired by the following study:
Duran, J., Morton, G. & Sikorski, A.M. Poster No. 31. Elucidating the relative concentration of physical activity to memory consolidation and memory retrieval. Faculty for Undergraduate Neuroscience Meeting. San Diego, CA: FUN 2010
Exercise and Memory Study
These researchers examined whether acute physical activity could improve the memory retention of recently studied items, and whether memory was differentially affected by the timing of exercise intervention. After studying a list of 40 English-Swahili word pairs, healthy adult human volunteers were randomly assigned to one of three treatment conditions. Participants in the consolidation treatment (CONS) exercised for 20 minutes immediately after studying the word pairs and then worked on a jigsaw puzzle for 20 minutes. Participants in the retrieval condition (RET) worked on a jigsaw puzzle for 20 minutes immediately after studying the word pairs and then exercised for 20 minutes. Participants in the control condition (CONT) worked on a jigsaw puzzle for 40 minutes after studying the word pairs. . In all conditions, participants were tested 40 minutes following the initial study phase. the test phase consisted of presenting the participants with Swahili words and asking them to speak its English translation. Memory was operationally defined by the total number of correctly recalled Swahili words. The results revealed that participants who had exercised immediately after studying the Swahili-English word pairs recalled significantly more words than those in the RET or CONT conditions. These results suggest that acute exercise immediately following learning modulates memory consolidation.
-(Scenario III) Suppose the researchers in Scenario III initially designed the study so that acute exercise was only 10 minutes in length. After finding no effect of exercise on memory recall, they decided to increase the length of exercise to 20 minutes. The design change from 10 minutes to 20 minutes most likely affected the study's:

• A) power.
• B) external validity.
• C) hypothesis.
• D) reliability

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Definitions:

Big Five

A psychological model outlining five broad dimensions of human personality traits: openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism.

Introverts

Individuals who tend to be more inward-turning, focusing on internal thoughts, feelings, and moods rather than seeking external stimulation.

Extraverts

Individuals who are outgoing, energetic, and thrive on social interaction, opposite of introverts.

Lexical Hypothesis

A theory suggesting that all important personality characteristics should be reflected in the language that people use to describe themselves or others.