The Extent to Which an Observer Consistently Codes a Variable

question 106

Multiple Choice

The extent to which an observer consistently codes a variable refers to:

• A) inter-rater reliability.
• B) intra-observer reliability.
• C) internal consistency.
• D) external validity.

Recognize the role of genetic mechanisms in speciation, including the Dobzhansky-Muller model.

Understand the factors contributing to high speciation rates in certain lineages or environments.

Appreciate the complexity of species concepts and the criteria for distinguishing species.

Understand the definition and fundamental principles of recursion.

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Definitions:

Walter Cannon

Walter Cannon was a physiologist who coined the term "fight or flight response" and made significant contributions to the understanding of the physiological response to stress.

Physiological Reactions

Physical responses of the body to internal or external stimuli, such as increased heart rate or sweating.

Emotional Reactions

Immediate responses to stimuli or events that are characterized by strong feelings, ranging from joy and love to anger and fear.

Sympathetic Arousal

The state of heightened physiological activity that prepares the body for action, part of the "fight or flight" response.