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Use the Following to Answer Questions

question 24

Multiple Choice

Use the following to answer questions
Scenario I
Scenario I is based on fabricated data inspired by the following study:
Gueguen, N. (2015) . High heels increase women's attractiveness. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 44(8) , 2227-2235.
Do high heels make women attractive?
The purpose of this study was to determine whether the height of the heels of a woman's shoe affected their perceived attractiveness. To that end, the researchers conducted four studies using female confederates who wore shoes with a heel height of 0, 5 or 9 cm. In the first study, the women posed as laboratory assistants who administered a survey on gender equality to male volunteers. In the second study, the women posed as laboratory assistants who administered a survey on food habits to male volunteers. The third study examined how likely men in study 1 and study 2 were likely to help women based on their shoe type. Specifically, female confederates posing as laboratory assistants dropped a latex glove while the men waited to participate in the study 1 and study 2 surveys. The confederates recorded whether men picked up the dropped glove. In the fourth study, a female confederate sat alone at a table in the university library and the researchers measured the amount of time it took the men to approach her. The results of the study revealed that men were affected by the confederate's shoe heel height; the higher the heel, the more likely men were to help the confederate. Almost all of the men picked up the confederate's glove in the high-heel condition compared with the mid-heel and flat condition. The time-to-approach dropped in half when the confederate was wearing high heels rather than no heels.
-(Scenario I) The third study in Scenario I uses _____ observation.

Definitions:

Variable-interval

A schedule of reinforcement where a response is rewarded after an unpredictable amount of time has passed.

Variable-ratio

A schedule of reinforcement where a response is rewarded after an unpredictable number of responses, commonly used in behavior modification techniques.

Fixed-ratio

A schedule of reinforcement where a response is rewarded only after a specified number of responses, commonly used in behavior analysis.

Positive Reinforcement

In behaviorism, a method of increasing the likelihood of a behavior by following it with a desirable event or outcome.