One Goal When Conducting Research Is Nonmaleficence

question 161

Multiple Choice

One goal when conducting research is nonmaleficence. This is an ethical objective to:

• A) minimize or eliminate risks to study participants.
• B) maximize risks to study participants.
• C) maintain fairness in determining who will benefit and be put at risk by research.
• D) allow participants to freely make their own decisions about participating in research.

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Definitions:

Variable Overhead Efficiency Variance

The difference between the actual hours taken to produce a good and the standard hours expected, multiplied by the variable overhead rate.

Excessive Inventories

A situation where a company holds more stock items than necessary, leading to increased storage costs and potential wastage.

Materials Price Variance

This measures the difference between the actual cost of materials used in production and the standard cost expected for those materials, indicating how efficiently an organization is purchasing materials.

Labor Rate Variance

The difference between the actual cost of direct labor and the expected (or standard) cost, calculated as (Actual rate - Standard rate) x Actual hours.