In the Late 1800s,Louis Pasteur Was Searching for a Vaccine

question 44

Multiple Choice

In the late 1800s,Louis Pasteur was searching for a vaccine for anthrax in livestock.One French veterinarian had a local reputation for being able to cure anthrax by applying oils and wrapping the animal in cloth to induce a fever.Pasteur also knew that some animals got well on their own when left untreated.Pasteur tested the effectiveness of the local veterinarian's methods by injecting four cattle with anthrax bacteria.He then directed the veterinarian to perform his procedures on two cattle.The other two cattle were left alone.One cow from each group died and the other one in each group survived.Pasteur dismissed the veterinarian's procedure as ineffective,but he also considered this to be a poor test.Why would he consider this to be a poor test?

• A)The difference in survival between the two groups was not dependent on the treatment.
• B)In a small group with 50% survival,the treated cows would have survived anyway.
• C)The number of cows that survived was the same as the number of cows that died.
• D)With such a small group you can't determine if survival was dependent on the treatment or random chance.
• E)The production of a fever in the treated cattle interfered with the outcome.

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Definitions:

Standard Deviation

Standard deviation is a measure of the dispersion or variation in a set of values, indicating how much the values deviate from the mean.

Sample Size

The number of observations or replicates included in a statistical sample, significant in determining the precision of an estimate or test.

Unbiased Estimator

A statistical estimator whose expected value is equal to the parameter being estimated, ensuring accuracy across an infinite number of samples.

Population Proportion

It is a measure that gives the fraction of individuals in the population having a particular attribute.