On Some Occasions, Attributing Students' Failures to Lack of Effort

question 56

Multiple Choice

On some occasions, attributing students' failures to lack of effort is quite appropriate. On other occasions, attributions to effort can backfire and be counterproductive. Which one of the following alternatives is the most accurate description of how attributions to effort can sometimes have adverse effects?

• A) When students fail at a task they have tried very hard at and are then told that they didn't try hard enough, they may decide they simply don't have the ability to do the task and give up.
• B) When students fail at a task at which they have not tried very hard to succeed and are then told that they didn't exert enough effort, they are likely to feel resentment toward their teacher.
• C) When students are told that they didn't try hard enough at a task that they expended quite a bit of effort on, they will almost certainly attribute the failure to bad luck.
• D) When students are told that they didn't exert enough effort and they really didn't try very hard, they are likely to attribute their failure to an external factor and not accept responsibility for it.

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Definitions:

Spatial Updating

The processes by which individuals continually revise their mental representation of where things in the environment are with respect to their current location.

Demand Characteristics

Demand characteristics refer to the subtle cues or features in an experimental environment that may influence participants' behaviors or responses, thereby affecting the validity of the experiment.

Tversky

Amos Tversky, a cognitive and mathematical psychologist known for his work on decision-making and cognitive biases.

Method Of Loci

A mnemonic device that involves visualizing locations to organize and recall information.