The Textbook Describes a Number of Cognitive Factors Affecting Motivation

question 11

Essay

The textbook describes a number of cognitive factors affecting motivation. Briefly describe each of the following factors, giving a concrete example and explaining how you might promote it in a classroom or other applied setting.
a. Personal interest
b. Situational interest
c. Expectancy
d. Value
e. Mastery goal

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Definitions:

Blaming Themselves

A cognitive process where individuals attribute the cause of negative events or outcomes to their own actions or shortcomings.

Shame

A discomforting sensation of shame or agony stemming from an awareness of improper or silly actions.

Guilt

A feeling of remorse or responsibility for a real or perceived wrongdoing, often leading to emotional distress or attempts at redemption.

Tension-building Phase

The tension-building phase is a stage in the cycle of abuse characterized by increasing strain and stress in a relationship, during which the abuser starts to exhibit controlling behaviors, leading up to an incident of acute violence.