A Client Diagnosed with Chronic Bronchitis Is Awakened from Sleep

question 23

Multiple Choice

A client diagnosed with chronic bronchitis is awakened from sleep experiencing shortness of breath.The nurse suspects that he is experiencing orthopnea and suggests positioning him to minimize the dyspnea so he can sleep more peacefully.The nurse best describes this position to the client as:

• A) "I'll use pillows to take the pressure off your lungs so that they can expand more effectively."
• B) "By leaning forward and resting on these pillows,you will be least likely to be short of breath."
• C) "This is an upright position that you will be comfortable in and able to breathe more effectively."
• D) "We'll place two pillows behind your back so you are sitting more upright;that will let you rest better."

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Definitions:

Subsistence

The minimum level of resources (food, shelter, clothing) that is required for individuals to survive.

Thomas Malthus

An English scholar and demographer known for his theory that population growth will always tend to outrun the food supply and that betterment of humankind is impossible without strict limits on reproduction.

Total Fertility Rate

An estimate of the average number of children a woman will have over her lifetime, based on current birth rates.

Replacement Rate

In demography, it refers to the fertility rate at which a population exactly replaces itself from one generation to the next, without migration. In economics, it can refer to the ratio of benefits (like pensions) replacing employment income.