The Effective Charge Acting on a Single Valence Electron Outside

question 12

Multiple Choice

The effective charge acting on a single valence electron outside a closed shell is about Ne, where N is:

• A) the atomic number of the nucleus
• B) the atomic mass of the atom
• C) usually between 1 and 3
• D) half the atomic number
• E) less than 1

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Definitions:

Savings Exceeds Investment

A situation in which the amount saved by households or organisations is greater than the amount being invested within the economy.

Recession

A recession is a significant decline in economic activity spread across the economy, lasting more than a few months, typically visible in GDP, real income, employment, industrial production, and wholesale-retail sales.

Interest Rate

The amount charged by a lender to a borrower for the use of assets, expressed as a percentage of the principal, over a specific period.

Subnormal Activity

Activities or economic conditions below the standard or average level, often indicative of a slowdown or recession.