A Diffraction-Limited Laser of Length and Aperture Diameter D $\lambda$

question 8

Multiple Choice

A diffraction-limited laser of length and aperture diameter d generates light of wavelength $\lambda$ . If the beam is directed at the surface of the Moon a distance D away, the radius of the illuminated area on the moon is approximately:

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Definitions:

Horizontal Gene Transfer

The process whereby genetic material is moved among organisms, either unicellular or multicellular, in a manner not involving the traditional parent-to-offspring DNA transmission.

Biological Evolution

Any change in the inherited traits of a population that occurs from one generation to the next (that is, over a time period longer than the lifetime of an individual in the population).

Australopithecine Remains

Australopithecine remains are fossilized bone fragments and artefacts from early hominids belonging to the genus Australopithecus, key to understanding human evolution.

Hominin DNA

Genetic material that comes from hominins, our ancestors and relatives in the human evolutionary tree.