The Ionization Energy of an Atom in Its Ground State $\alpha$

question 1

Multiple Choice

The ionization energy of an atom in its ground state is:

• A)the energy required to remove the least energetic electron
• B)the energy required to remove the most energetic electron
• C)the energy difference between the most energetic electron and the least energetic electron
• D)the same as the energy of a K _\(\alpha\) photon
• E)the same as the excitation energy of the most energetic electron

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Definitions:

Chi-squared Distribution

A statistical distribution that is used to describe the distribution of the sum of the squares of independent, standard normal variables.

Critical Value

The threshold value that a test statistic must exceed for the null hypothesis to be rejected in hypothesis testing.

Degrees Of Freedom

The number of independent values in a statistical calculation that are free to vary when estimating parameters.

Area

A measure of the extent of a surface or a piece of land, often measured in square units.