Switch S Is Closed to Apply a Potential Difference V

question 2

Multiple Choice

Switch S is closed to apply a potential difference V across a p-n junction as shown. Relative to the energy levels of the n-type material, with the switch open, the electron levels of the p-type material are:

• A) unchanged
• B) lowered by the amount e^-Ve/kT
• C) lowered by the amount Ve
• D) raised by the amount e^-Ve/kT
• E) raised by the amount Ve

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Definitions:

Average Variable Cost

The variable cost per unit of output, calculated by dividing total variable costs by the total output.

Total Fixed Costs

The total of all expenses that do not change with the amount of production or level of business operations.

Equilibrium Level

The state in which market supply and demand balance each other, resulting in stable prices.

Total Costs

The sum of all expenses a firm incurs to produce and sell a product, including both fixed and variable costs.