The Ionization Energy of an Atom in Its Ground State $\alpha$

question 1

Multiple Choice

The ionization energy of an atom in its ground state is:

• A)the energy required to remove the least energetic electron
• B)the energy required to remove the most energetic electron
• C)the energy difference between the most energetic electron and the least energetic electron
• D)the same as the energy of a K _\(\alpha\) photon
• E)the same as the excitation energy of the most energetic electron

---

Definitions:

Open Center Circuit

A hydraulic system configuration where fluid returns to the reservoir through the center of the control valve when it is in the neutral position.

Closed-Center Circuit

A hydraulic circuit design where the system pressure is maintained in a closed loop, allowing more efficient fluid control.

Car Carrier Trailers

Specialized types of trailers designed for transporting vehicles from one location to another efficiently and safely.