Two Different Electron Beams Are Incident on Two Different Targets

question 51

Multiple Choice

Two different electron beams are incident on two different targets and both produce x rays.The cutoff wavelength for target 1 is shorter than the cutoff wavelength for target 2.We can conclude that:

• A)target 2 has a higher atomic number than target 1
• B)target 2 has a lower atomic number than target 1
• C)the electrons in beam 1 have greater kinetic energy than those in beam 2
• D)the electrons in beam 1 have less kinetic energy than those in beam 2
• E)target 1 is thicker than target 2

---

Definitions:

Chance

The occurrence of events without apparent cause, or the unpredictable and uncontrollable aspect of happenings.

Control

In experimental research, the practice of limiting the influence of confounding variables to determine the effect of the independent variable on the dependent variable more accurately.

Negative Reinforcement

A concept in behaviorism where the removal of an unpleasant stimulus strengthens a behavior.

Positive Reinforcement

A process in behavior analysis where a favorable outcome, event, or reward occurs after an action, thereby increasing the likelihood of that action being repeated in the future.