Formal Communication Consists of All the Following EXCEPT

question 4

Multiple Choice

Formal communication consists of all the following EXCEPT

• A) the grapevine.
• B) horizontal communication.
• C) upward communication.
• D) downward communication.

---

Definitions:

Observations

The act of carefully watching and analyzing phenomena or behaviors in order to gather data and understand situations.

Appeals to Ethnocentrism

The act of invoking a sense of superiority or preference for one's own cultural, ethnic, or national group over others.

Public Discourse

The exchange of ideas, arguments, and information through public platforms and media, contributing to shaping public opinion.

Political Life

The aspects of life concerned with governance, political activities, policies, and the distribution of power within a society or organization.