Which Are True Regarding Informal Constraints

question 19

Short Answer

Which are true regarding informal constraints?
a. When formal institutional constraints fail, informal constraints tend to fail as well.
b. Following the collapse the former Soviet Union, informal constraints were unable to facilitate growth of entrepreneurial firms.
c. Even in developed economies, the best-connected firms can reap significant benefits.
d. All of the above.
e. None of the above.

Understand the basic concept and mechanism of recursive functions.

Identify valid and invalid recursive function calls.

Determine the output of a given recursive function.

Understand the concept of base cases in recursive functions.

---

Definitions:

Sample Mean

The average of a set of observations or values taken from a sample of a population.

Population Mean

The average of all the values in a population, representing the central tendency of the population.

Alpha Level

The threshold of significance in hypothesis testing, below which the null hypothesis is rejected, commonly set at 0.05.

Null Hypothesis

A hypothesis that suggests there is no significant difference or effect, used as a starting point in hypothesis testing.