An X-Ray Beam of Wavelength 3 *10^-11 M Is Incident

question 23

Multiple Choice

An x-ray beam of wavelength 3 *10^-11 m is incident on a calcite crystal of lattice spacing 0.3 nm.The smallest angle between crystal planes and the x-ray beam which will result in constructive interference is:

• A)2.9°
• B)5.7°
• C)12°
• D)23°
• E)none of these

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Definitions:

Operant Conditioning

A method of teaching in which behavior is changed by the use of incentives or disciplinary actions.

Classical Conditioning

An instructional approach where repetitively linking two stimuli causes a reaction, at first prompted by the second stimulus, to be elicited by the first stimulus over time.

Imprinting

A form of learning occurring at a particular life stage that is rapid and apparently independent of the outcomes of behavior.

Operant Conditioning

A learning process by which the strength of a behavior is modified by reinforcement or punishment.