Which Immune-System Cells Are Responsible for Producing Antibodies

question 90

Multiple Choice

Which immune-system cells are responsible for producing antibodies?

• A) macrophages
• B) B cells
• C) helper T cells
• D) cytotoxic T cells
• E) erythrocytes

Explain the mechanisms through which plants defend themselves against herbivores using modified leaves.

Understand the basic functions of the endocrine system and the role of hormones.

Describe the principles of humoral and cellular immunity, including the roles of B-lymphocytes and macrophages.

Explain the concepts of cardiac output and its relation to blood pressure.

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Definitions:

Residual Volume

The volume of air remaining in the lungs after a maximal exhalatory effort, preventing lung collapse.

Tidal Volume

The volume of air moved into or out of the lungs during normal breathing.

Surface Area

The total area that the surface of an object occupies, critical in various physical, chemical, and biological processes due to its role in interactions with the environment or other objects.

Parabronchi

Tubular structures within the lungs of birds through which air flows, allowing for efficient gas exchange during both inhalation and exhalation.