Muscle Contraction Is Associated with Elevated Levels of Cytosolic Calcium

question 51

Multiple Choice

Muscle contraction is associated with elevated levels of cytosolic calcium. Which statement describes a consequence of this increase in calcium?

• A) Calcium is a divalent cation, which binds to ATP and reduces electrostatic repulsion between the phosphates. Glycogen is broken down to compensate for the decreased energy available from ATP hydrolysis.
• B) An increased level of calcium is associated with an increase in glycogen breakdown, as calcium is an allosteric activator of glycogen phosphorylase.
• C) Calcium activates phosphoprotein phosphatase 1, which in turn will stimulate glycogen synthesis by dephosphorylating phosphorylase b.
• D) An increased level of calcium is associated with an increase in glycogen breakdown, as calcium is an allosteric activator of phosphorylase b kinase.
• E) All the answers are correct.

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Definitions:

Role Congruity Theory

Mainly applied to the gender gap in leadership – because social stereotypes of women are inconsistent with people’s schemas of effective leadership, women are evaluated as poor leaders.

Gender Gap

The disparity in outcomes or attitudes between men and women, often observed in political, economic, or social contexts.

Leadership Positions

Roles or titles within organizations that carry responsibility for guiding or managing groups or individuals.

Group Prototypicality

The degree to which a member of a group represents the average or ideal characteristics of that group, influencing their influence and status within the group.