Which Process Is NOT an Event in the Signaling Pathway

question 19

Multiple Choice

Which process is NOT an event in the signaling pathway from insulin to glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) inactivation?

• A) insulin binding to a tyrosine kinase receptor
• B) activation of insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) by phosphorylation
• C) phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase associating with IRS-1 generates phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-triphosphate
• D) protein kinase B being activated by a protein kinase known as PDK-1
• E) protein kinase B phosphorylating GSK3, resulting in its activation

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Definitions:

Electroconvulsive Therapy

A medical treatment involving electrical stimulation of the brain under anesthesia, typically used for severe depression.

Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation

A non-invasive procedure that uses magnetic fields to stimulate nerve cells in the brain to treat depression and other conditions.

Seizures

Abrupt involuntary electrical activity in the brain leading to alterations in actions, physical movements, emotions, and awareness levels.

Dual-action Drugs

Medications designed to target multiple pathways or mechanisms of disease simultaneously, often to improve efficacy or reduce side effects.