Muscle Contraction Is Associated with Elevated Levels of Cytosolic Calcium

question 51

Multiple Choice

Muscle contraction is associated with elevated levels of cytosolic calcium. Which statement describes a consequence of this increase in calcium?

• A) Calcium is a divalent cation, which binds to ATP and reduces electrostatic repulsion between the phosphates. Glycogen is broken down to compensate for the decreased energy available from ATP hydrolysis.
• B) An increased level of calcium is associated with an increase in glycogen breakdown, as calcium is an allosteric activator of glycogen phosphorylase.
• C) Calcium activates phosphoprotein phosphatase 1, which in turn will stimulate glycogen synthesis by dephosphorylating phosphorylase b.
• D) An increased level of calcium is associated with an increase in glycogen breakdown, as calcium is an allosteric activator of phosphorylase b kinase.
• E) All the answers are correct.

---

Definitions:

Enlistees

Individuals who voluntarily sign up for military service, particularly during times of war.

Immediate Victory

A quick or swift accomplishment of a win or success in a competition, battle, or conflict, often achieved faster than expected.

Qualified Generals

Qualified generals are military officers who have demonstrated exceptional skill, experience, and leadership abilities, meeting strict qualifications for command positions within the armed forces.

Lack Of Manpower

A situation in which there is an insufficient number of people available to perform a certain job or task, leading to operational challenges.