Instant Cold Packs Get Cold When the Contents, Usually Solid $\Delta$

question 53

Short Answer

Instant cold packs get cold when the contents, usually solid urea and liquid water, are mixed, producing an aqueous solution of urea. Although this process is clearly spontaneous, the products are colder than the reactants. Explain how this is possible in terms of the difference between $\Delta$ G and $\Delta$ H.

---

Definitions:

Income Statement

A financial statement that shows a company's revenues and expenses over a specific period, leading to its net profit or loss.

Income Tax Expense

The cost incurred by businesses or individuals due to tax obligations on earned income.

Corporations Proprietorships

Business entities where corporations are legally independent from their owners and proprietorships are owned and run by one individual, with no legal distinction between the owner and the business.

Retained Earnings

The portion of net income not distributed as dividends but retained by the company to be reinvested in its core business or to pay debt.