Under the Assumption That the Null Hypothesis Is True as an Equality

question 82

True/False

Under the assumption that the null hypothesis is true as an equality, the p-value is the likelihood of observing a sample mean that is at least as extreme as the one derived from the given sample.

---

Definitions:

Coyotes

Medium-sized canids native to North America, known for their adaptability to varied habitats and resourcefulness, often symbolized in folklore and modern culture.

Sheep

Domesticated ruminant mammals, typically kept as livestock for their wool, meat, and milk, known for their flocking behavior.

CS

Conditioned Stimulus; in conditioning, a previously neutral stimulus that, after association with an unconditioned stimulus, comes to trigger a conditioned response.

UCS

Unconditioned Stimulus refers to a stimulus that naturally brings about a particular response without a prior learning process.