Your textbook derives the OLS estimator as 
= 
X)-1 
Y.
Show that the estimator does not exist if there are fewer observations than the number of explanatory variables,including the constant.What is the rank of 
X in this case?
Definitions:
Performing
The fourth stage of group development, characterized by high levels of productivity, cohesion, and effective functioning towards achieving goals.
Adjourning
The final stage in Tuckman's group development model, where the team disbands after achieving its goals, also characterized by reflection on accomplishments and learned lessons.
Group Size
Refers to the number of individuals constituting a group, which can affect dynamics, interactions, and outcomes within the group.
Group Cohesiveness
The degree to which a group is attractive to its members.
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