You Have Collected Time Series for Various Macroeconomic Variables to Test

question 39

Essay

You have collected time series for various macroeconomic variables to test if there is a single cointegrating relationship among multiple variables. Formulate the null hypothesis and compare the EG-ADF statistic to its critical value.
(a)Canadian unemployment rate, Canadian Inflation Rate, United States unemployment rate, United States inflation rate; t = (-3.374).
(b)Approval of United States presidents (Gallup poll), cyclical unemployment rate, inflation rate, Michigan Index of Consumer Sentiment; t = (-3.837).
(c)The log of real GDP, log of real government expenditures, log of real money supply (M2); t = (-2.23).
(d)Briefly explain how you could potentially improve on VAR(p)forecasts by using a cointegrating vector.

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Definitions:

Stage 1

Often refers to the initial phase in various contexts, such as sleep cycles, where it is the lightest sleep stage, or the beginning stage in multi-stage processes.

Middle of The Night

Refers to the period of time roughly between midnight and early morning, often associated with sleep disturbances when mentioned in a psychological or medical context.

Sleepwalking

A sleep disorder characterized by walking or performing other complex behaviors while in a state of partial arousal from deep sleep.

Night Terrors

Sudden episodes of fear that occur during sleep, typically affecting children.